The Influence of Shakespeare :: essays research papers

Across the universe of time Shakespeares influence on 21st century society. It is harder to imagine a more(prenominal) universal writer than William Shakespeare. Rarely if ever is one of his many plays not being performed somewhere in the world and similarly rare is the third position student who has not examined his work at length. His plays, sonnets and poems are plebeian fodder for high school English departments across the globe. Shakespeare has perhaps contributed the most to the English language of any writer known to man literally. Over 1000 spoken communication and phrases that he coined as part of his plays and prose are now in common use across the globe. He changed nouns into verbs, verbs into adjectives, added on previously unheard-of prefixes and suffixes and in some cases made words out of nothing. Even culturally sensitive words such as ode (The ANZACS) and scientific jargon (epileptic) are in fact products of Shakespeare. Bernard Levin probably summed this up be st when he wrote If you cannot understand my argument, and declare "Its classic to me", you are quoting Shakespeare if you claim to be more sinned against than sinning, you are quoting Shakespeare if you recall your salad days, you are quoting Shakespeare if you act more in sorrow than in anger, if your wish is father to the thought, if your befuddled property has vanished into thin air, you are quoting Shakespeare if you have ever refused to budge an inch or suffered from green-eyed jealousy, if you have played fast and loose, if you have been tongue-tied, a newspaper column of strength, hoodwinked or in a pickle had short shrift, cold comfort or too much of a good thing, - why, be that as it may, the more fool you, for it is a foregone conclusion that you are (as good luck would have it) quoting Shakespeare (Bernard Levin. From The Story of English. Robert McCrum, William Cran and Robert MacNeil. Viking 1986).Shakespeares influence continues even in the world of film, n ot invented until several hundreds of years after his death in 1616. As well as the inevitable BBC remakes of most of his plays, newer adaptation such as Kenneth Branaghs a good deal Ado About Nothing (starring Keanu Reeves and Denzel Washington) and Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet (featuring Claire Danes and Leonardo DiCaprio) have met critical acclaim and can be credited with bringing Shakespeare to a new coevals not inclined to visiting theatres.

The Italian Essay -- Gothic Literature Italian Essays

The Italian Gothic literature changes from age to age to reflect the current socio-cultural situation of the time. Stories such(prenominal) as The Italian, The Monk, Vathek and writers such as Poe, Carter, Radcliffe and Shelley gravel presented facets of the Gothic. The Gothic is the representation of the darker side of awargonness, a realm of neurosis and morbidity whereby it is a fantasy world that reveals secrets of the human personality.In this excerpt of The Italian, there are typical Gothic conventions of its age. From the oscilloscope, there is the idea of the Sublime in which it is a reflection of a situation of vastness in an imaginative, fantastical visual experience. The immenseness and the proportions in the memorial invoked Ellenas awe and excess of emotions due to its majestic, grand and infinite characteristics that seems to overpower and pervade the environment for everywhere prevailed. From the imagery of infinite proportions and plenty, man is seen as insignific ant. The idea of the Sublime is further exemplified in Vathek, of the immeasurable plain that reveled in its infinity in which it had overpowered man until he fell mat on his face. The limitations of man are magnified in contrast to the environment thus challenging the senses and emphasizing the insignificance of humanity. Ellenas awe and appreciation of character overwhelms her thus it rendered the preconceived notion that humanity is in control of the world and destiny as obsolete. Thus man is left hopeless and impotent. This idea of the irrelevance of man in comparison to nature is typically Gothic for it undermines mans state universally.A recurrent characteristic is the internalization of decay and destruction. The setting itself reflected the interior of the villa in which it was projected as the chamber of ruins. The colour of the villa reflects the hollowness and the obscurity of the character. It foretells the idea that we cannot escape corruption for it is pervasive from the physical aspect to the intangible asset sense of gloom. This metaphorical sense of internalization of decay is seen in Poes The Fall of the House of Usher in which the destruction of the Usher family is manifested in the melancholy House of Usher. Decay is manifested from its physical form to the innermost intrusive intangible form. Thus when corruption comes from deep inside in its mos... ...re such connection to the ideas of logic and reasoning is different in Gothic perceptions if human will triumph over the Gothic. Humanity prided itself as superior due to intellectual reasoning and will. In The Italian Ellena believed she could overcome every fear for herself. Thus there is the belief that will and reasoning would save her and her father but in the typical Gothic convention in which human logic and determination would fail no matter how good the odds. Therefore the shred of human resiliency evident in Ellena even though there was momentary hesitation but she overcame it to face her fears and the possibility of death signified the failure of the Gothic. Another deterrent example of the victory of human will was when she had nothing to hold onto except hope, nothing solid or tangible, only a shred of mental capacity that had held her through. However the loss of human capacity to reason would mean the loss of hope thus that in itself is considered as Gothic. In conclusion the passage is mainly Gothic due to a number of close characteristics to typical conventions. Nonetheless The Italian has unique qualities that distinguish it from mainstream Gothic literature.

The Childhood Obesity Epidemic in the United States :: Obesity in Children

There is an alarming rise in childhood obesity throughout the unify States, making it an pestilential in our country. fleshiness has arrest a threat to the health of many children. Childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and quadrupled in adolescents in the yesteryear 30 years. The percentage of children aged 611 years in the United States who were obese increased from 7% in 1980 to nearly 18% in 2012. Similarly, the percentage of adolescents aged 1219 years who were obese increased from 5% to nearly 21% oer the same period.(Childhood obesity Facts, 2015)What is obesity?Obesity is defined by Websters dictionary as increase body weight due to excessive accumulation of body fat. It is a condition or disease in which the the inwrought energy reserve of humans or mammals, which is stored in fat tissue, is expanded far beyond usual levels to the point where it impairs health. Obesity is most often calculated by using the BMI (body mass index). BMI is calculated by divi ding the weight in kilograms by the height squared in meters. A desirable BMI for children to sustain a healthy life is between 18.5 and 25. A child with a BMI over 25.0 kg/m 2 is considered overweight. A BMI over 30.0kg/m 2 is considered obese, and a BMI over 40 is morbid obesity. An estimated 80% of overweight adolescents continue to be obese into adulthood, so the implications of childhood obesity on the nations health are huge. (Survey on childhood obesity, 2014). Obesity is a chronic condition that develops as a result of genetic, behavioural and environmental factors.Causes of Childhood ObesityThere are many factors that whitethorn influence the occurrence of obesity in children. These factors can be broad and may vary depending on the case-by-case child. Research has shown the impact genetics has had on the development of obesity in children as well as unhealthy home office environments. Other external factors may include the education system and the food industry, because of their promotion of unhealthy eating habits and physical inactivity in children.The Role of genetic scienceGenetics can shoo-in a huge role in the development of obesity in children. Studies have shown that obesity can be inherited. A childs chances of cosmos overweight or obese are increased by 25 percent if their parents are overweight or obese. The Centers for disease Control and Prevention (2015) states that the modish study from Stanford University has found that having overweight parents is the biggest risk factor for childhood obesity(para 1).The Childhood Obesity Epidemic in the United States Obesity in ChildrenThere is an alarming rise in childhood obesity throughout the United States, making it an epidemic in our country. Obesity has become a threat to the health of many children. Childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and quadrupled in adolescents in the past 30 years. The percentage of children aged 611 years in the United States who were obese incr eased from 7% in 1980 to nearly 18% in 2012. Similarly, the percentage of adolescents aged 1219 years who were obese increased from 5% to nearly 21% over the same period.(Childhood Obesity Facts, 2015)What is Obesity?Obesity is defined by Websters dictionary as increase body weight due to excessive accumulation of body fat. It is a condition or disease in which the the natural energy reserve of humans or mammals, which is stored in fat tissue, is expanded far beyond usual levels to the point where it impairs health. Obesity is most often measured by using the BMI (body mass index). BMI is calculated by dividing the weight in kilograms by the height squared in meters. A desirable BMI for children to sustain a healthy life is between 18.5 and 25. A child with a BMI over 25.0 kg/m 2 is considered overweight. A BMI over 30.0kg/m 2 is considered obese, and a BMI over 40 is morbid obesity. An estimated 80% of overweight adolescents continue to be obese into adulthood, so the implications of childhood obesity on the nations health are huge. (Survey on childhood obesity, 2014). Obesity is a chronic condition that develops as a result of genetic, behavioral and environmental factors.Causes of Childhood ObesityThere are many factors that may influence the occurrence of obesity in children. These factors can be broad and may vary depending on the individual child. Research has shown the impact genetics has had on the development of obesity in children as well as unhealthy home environments. Other external factors may include the education system and the food industry, because of their promotion of unhealthy eating habits and physical inactivity in children.The Role of GeneticsGenetics can play a huge role in the development of obesity in children. Studies have shown that obesity can be inherited. A childs chances of being overweight or obese are increased by 25 percent if their parents are overweight or obese. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015) states that the latest study from Stanford University has found that having overweight parents is the biggest risk factor for childhood obesity(para 1).

Comparing Letters from an American Farmer and Thoreaus Various Essays

Comparing Crvecoeurs Letters from an American Farmer and Thoreaus Various Essays St. Jean De Crvecoeurs Letters from an American Farmer and Henry David Thoreaus various essays and journal entries present opposing views of what it means to be an American. To somewhat simplify, both writers agree that there ar two kinds of Americans those who argon farmers and those who are not. Crvecoeur views farmers as the true Americans, and those who are not farmers, such as frontier manpower, as lawless, idle, inebriated wretches (266). Sixty years later, Thoreau believes the opposite farmers are doomed and bound to their land, and free men who own nothing posses the only true liberty (9). Both Crvecoeur and Thoreau judge men and their professions on industry, phthisis of nature, freedom, and lawfulness. As America grew during these six decades, industrialization and higher education created more compact communities unable to economically provide the land needs of farmers. In Crvecoeurs Ameri ca, some few towns excepted, we are all tillers of the earth(263). In 1850, Thoreaus Concord was among the many towns allowing people to leave their farms for a more urban setting to fellowship their law practices, shoe stores, or surveying businesses. The separation of farmers from the rest of society leads to intellectualizations of the profession by thinkers like Thoreau. Removed from the simple, hard labor of farming, it is easy for change society to forget the farmers purpose and importance in Western civilization. Crvecoeur states that industry, which to me who am but a farmer, is the criterion of everything(264). Indeed, a lack of industry in any vocation eventually leads to failure. Thoreau, however, sees little value in indu... ...d as Thoreau was from self-supporting agriculture, modern America is light years away. Thoreaus ideal lifestyle is at a time an impossibility. Many Americans would settle for an unadorned life on a small farm, and a clean, dry home. Possibly t he day will come when the land will be partitioned off into so-called pleasure-grounds, in which a few will take a narrow and exclusive pleasure only-when fences shall be multiplied, and man-traps and other engines invented to confine men to the public road, and walking over the surface of Gods earth shall be construed to mean trespassing on some gentlemans grounds. ... Let us improve our opportunities, then, before the lousiness days come. (Thoreau 667) Works CitedCrvecoeur, J. Hector St. John de. Letters from an American Farmer and Sketches of Eighteenth-Century America. Ed. Albert E. Stone. New York Penguin, 1981.

Mike Roses I Just Wanna Be Average Essay -- Report French Commission

Comparing Mike Roses I Just Wanna Be Average and the Report of the French Commission on American Education, 1879 Mike Roses I Just Wanna Be Average essay sheds light on troubled youth within the public school system. It makes you massive for the days of American pride and service. Students placed in tracks to utilize overcrowded and faulty test systems. Identity lost due to poor instruction and lack of motivation. The inflow of shattered images brought forth by the Report of the French Commission on American Education, 1879 reminds us of a time long ago when education was for all(prenominal) child, not select few. Stoic instructors molding young minds in the quest to advance America as a whole. Civic pride and duty were influencing either aspect of American education. Both essays draw from the influence of education into the societal path into American mainstream society. Each school system is influenced by thoughts of bettering youth, but in much opposite ends of the sp ectrum. The French commission stated that the youth of America were offered the same curriculum in the hopes to form a united, equal society. America, as seen by the French, was a land of golden opportunities available to every child regardless of social standing. It was the basis for our country to survive. It safeguarded our standing in the world. Mike Roses school offered quite the opposite. It was a haven for long standing views on school being selective as to whom actually deserved the educa...

Definition :: essays research papers

Science/ReligionDefinition of religion and defense                                                  Definition of ReligionReligion is norms,values, or a mood of life to an individualist or community. Aspiritual guide that governs the way a someone lives from day to day by enceintethat person hope, belief, and reason to exist in this world. Religion can bewhatever that person makes of it. Religion can be a persons assets,family, or early(a) individuals or possessions, it can be some things besidesworship to a "God" or "Deity". It can be whatever a person deems holy orsacred.Defense"Religion is norms, values, or a way of life to an individual or community".This can be defended by winning a look at they way most religious people live.Many people live accordin gly to there religions rules and regulations. Thisincludes Buddhists, Muslims, Mennonites, and Amish just to point reveal a few.Not only in dress and in possessions but people who respect their religionslive by their religions rules."A spiritual guide that governs the way a person lives from day to day bygiving that person hope, belief, and a reason to exist in this world." Religion can give an individual codes to live. It can give a person hope,belief, and a reason to exist by making the individual feel loved or caredabout by their religion or their religious deities. It can also give themhope and belief by feeling included within a group of individuals that sectiontheir same views. By giving them a reason to exist religions give anindividual something to look forward to after death and purpose for being onearth."Religion can be whatever a person makes of it. Religion can be a personsassets, family, or other individuals and possessions, it can be numerous thingsbesid es worship to a "God" or "Deity"." Religion can mean different things for different people. It can be a exuberantmans money, poor mans shelter, a mad mans weapons. Many people or culturesworships numerous "gods" for different occasions. Some people worship theearth or animals while many other individuals worship other "people" or

Components of Mass Incarceration Essay

Mass imprisonment of African Americans is one of the biggest problems that we as a society face today. legion(predicate) of our African American men atomic number 18 either in jail, or on parole for crimes that be committed by whites everyday. Police often rule those crimes when it comes down to whites but they do not for blacks. Hence why a lot of black men are missing from our society and locked away in prisons for years for such minuscule crimes. Yes they have committed a crime and need to be punished, but, at the same time white men are walking around committing the same crime, where is their punishment? horse parsley raises these very pertinent points in The New Jim Crow. The three components of mass incarceration are denial, mainstream media and historical influence.horse parsley states, Today most Americans know and dont know the truth about mass incarceration.(181). What this means is that as a society Americans are either blinded or oblivious to the fact that there is a lack of education of how mass incarceration affects the African American communities. In many African American households they are missing father figures due to the fact that they are in jail. As Alexander mentions denial plays a huge roll in this. We know that a large number of African American males are in prison by watching mainstream media but yet we dont care enough about it. According to Alexander we tell our self that they deserve it.(182). Americans have been painted a picture to see African American men as a whole, as criminals especially when it comes to drugs. When in fact white males are prone to do the exact same crimes and not be targeted by police. Mainstream media helps to greatly contribute to these lies that we are existence fed about mass incarceration.Shows such as Orange is the New Black depict a different story. The show focuses on a Caucasian woman who is in jail for soliciting drugs. While she is in jail they show you a very multiracial and diverse group o f woman. Shows like these help to contribute to why we believe that prisons are filled with not only blacks but also a bulky variety of ethnicities One thing that the show just briefly touches on that Alexander talks about in great lengths is how mass incarceration traps African Americans. Orange is the New Black showed the viewers in one episode a very real side of the prison life when they just around touch on the story of a black woman who was released from prison on good behavior and she gets out in to the real world and she has no family, no where to turn and she can not get a job due to her prison record and she ends back up in jail.When she gets back in jail she screams, Im home. This is exactly what Alexander spends majority of her essay speaking about, she says that we are trapped in a birdcage. She says this because no matter how we judge to beat the system we are always going to be trapped no matter what we try to do. Historical influence has and will always be a part o f African American history. As Alexanders title of her article is The New Jim Crow. She feels as if the prison system is another physique of Jim Crow laws. Jim Crow laws were established to keep black men down which are exactly what the prison systems are doing according to Alexander. She states Jim Crow and mass incarceration have political origins.(190).She continues to say that the white elites desire to exploit these black men and how mass incarceration is similar to a caste system (190). Alexander thinks that mass incarceration is a trap so to speak and how they catch these black men and put them in jail is like a ultramodern day Jim Crow. The only difference is that it does not seem so racist and the people are giving the illusion that mass incarceration is actually defend them. Alexander raises many good points in her article about mass incarceration. Without all the misleading information that you see in the media about the prison systems being a mixture of many different races would we, as Americans still feel safe? Or would we feel in a way like we are being subjected subliminal racism?

An Assessment on the Importance of Public Personnel Management as a Field of Study Essay

Public strength Management as a field of study has undergone considerable evolution in the past 40 years. Personnel professionals now have available a wide range of techniques which they can apply toward the efficient acquisition, allocation, and development of human resources human resource planning, job analysis, selection, appraisal, training, and childbed forethought relations.The field of force out management is growing in importance as organizations of all kinds increasingly focuses on the consumption of employees in organisational socialisation and performance. Competent employees are critical to the introduction and retention of quality goods and helpers, node satisfaction, and immense term organizational viability. Graduates of force-out management are employed as human resource specialists, everydayists, benefit administrators, analysts, trainers, because they were taught on compensation, industrial relation, recruitment, performance assessment, planning and de velopment to enable them acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to usefully assist organizations in changing employee values, norms and behaviours consistent with emerging or new organizational dynamics.If one analyses the term universe personnel management, it is clear that the concept consist of the following cardinal integrated elements i) Public This refers to the locus of the sub-discipline, that is, the terrain or domain in which it is practiced, namely the public sector generally (including commercialized public corporations, statutory bodies and local authorities), and the public service in particular (consisting of the central, state, departments and the provisional administration). ii) Personnel This denotes the human resources labour, workers, personnel, etc who are employed in the public and private sectors and who are involved in service delivery in the society. iii) Management This refers to those practices, activities and processes related to the marshalling of the human resources of an organization in order to contribute effectively and efficiently to the optimal achievement of predetermined organizational goals.Public Personnel Management can therefore be define as the art and science of policy-making, planning, decision making, organizing, controlling, and motivating human resources for securing, maintaining, developing, integrating, involving, compensating as head as enriching human environment for the blooming of human skills and capacities in a government activity owned organizations, in order to secure organizational and social objectives as well as employees satisfaction.The origins of Personnel management can be traced to the concern about exploitation of people working in factories during and after industrial revolution and was introduced through law of the land in most of the countries to deal with issues pertaining to grievances and welfare of the workmen. As the dynamics in relations between trade unions and management s witch overd, the personnel management responsibilities consequently grew beyond welfare to other areas such as ensuring amicable industrial relations and effective personnel administration. During this period the speech pattern was on formulating and monitoring conformance to rules and procedures.The world in the 1970s, saw changes in the competitive human resources environment brought about by growing competition, which resulted in handiness of wide choice for customers and that in turn, gave a new dimension to marketplace customers preference, which in effect drives companies to continuously innovate and provide the kind of value to customer that competition cannot match.With this shift in business dynamics, the realization dawned on companies that people and their knowledge is the only source of sustainable competitive advantage, as other resources related to materials, equipment, technology, finances etc have proved short lived in the absence of human capital capable of deplo ying these resources effectively and efficiently. Companies now bank on peoples domain knowledge combined with their awareness of markets (customers expectations & competitors moves in particular) for developing innovative new products & services and thus creating enhanced value proposition for customers. This marked change in attitude of managements saw the emergence of concept of Public Personnel Management which characterizes implementation of personnel policies to maximize objectives of organizational integrity, employee commitment, flexibility and quality.IThe recognition of the role and importance of public personnel management in the workplace has lead to a demand for graduates who are trained and qualified in public personnel management who can advise organizations in this area, and the highest development of a career structure through which such an employees may rise to the highest levels of the organization.The importance of public personnel management as a field of study especially in the 21st century cannot be overemphasized because the effectiveness of any organization in general is a direct answer of the qualitative individuals (employees) who make up that organization. The knowledge, skills, abilities, and commitment of the members of the organization together constitute the most critical factor in the development and implementation of work plans and the delivery of products and services without which the organization cannot accomplish its objectives. Consequently, the attraction, recruitment, organization, placement, development and motivation of qualified manpower (the personnel function of management) is a central righteousness of all levels of management, from the chief executive to the first line supervisor.Secondly, Public Personnel Management as a course of study exposes students to the academic disciplines that underlie the effective management of human resources, and goes on to explore both theory and practice of human management acti vities. Such activities range from initial manpower planning, which reflects the broad long term aims of the organization together with its technological and labour market content, through resorting and then onto the training and development of individuals and teams, which will enhance their performance. How effectively an agency accomplishes its delegation is heavily determined by the skill, determination, and morale of its employees hence public personnel management as a field of study avails an opportunity for future managers and administrators to be better equipped with managerial skills and capacities with which to effectively and efficiently administer in the future.Thirdly, public personnel management as a field of study is all-important(a) because it is a science that is concerned with the study of administrative process, government activities and independent variables. It is essentially the study of various processes and specific functional activities by the institutions t hat must function within a particular environment to improve the general welfare of society by providing products and services to it.Fourthly, public personnel management is important as it focuses on the application of management practices and techniques in the public sector, that is, the management of personnel in public organization hence it includes an understanding of the particular political and government environment in which decisions and actions regarding the management of public employees take place.

Advanced technology social interactions among young adults

Over the recent years, there has been an advance in technology that has greatly changed the way plenty interact socially and the way they ladder. Technological advancement in the parley sector especially has devoted rise to faster and improved styluss of colloquy.One such mode of conversation is the internet or world wide web (www). The Internet is a mode of dialogue that interconnects contrasting independent networks to turn the world into angiotensin-converting enzyme big village.This has been made possible finished the invention of a untested type of computers that retain improved speed, high data storage capacity and are small in size as compared to the older generation computers. They are to a fault substance ab roler friendly (Daniel J. Myers (2000).Thesis statement The Internet operates with communication package that en equal the users to get access to the Internet. These are programs such as Mozillafirefox, Miocrosoft Internet Explorer, Netscapes Navigator to name but a few. We similarly have programs that enable the user to access in conditionation about any subject that he/she wishes to explore.Such programs are known as search engines and good pillowcases are www.Google.com and www.yahoo.com. Such programs provide electronic dismount and internet advantages. To add the list are Instant Messaging or chatting, blogging, Social Networking Sites and computer games among others.Telephone lines are used to interconnect different computers to enableflow of data or information. Through the internet, communication has become faster and more reliable and a of a sudden text message (sms) is as reliable as a call back call (Blaise W. Liffick, Ph.D.)Telecommunication sector has also benefited from the introduction of a convenient and fast mode of communication, the mobile phone. As the name suggests, this phone is portable and it ensures one of communication wherever you go as long as the area is covered by a network.Advanced technology ha s interconnected the computer, mobile phone and radio receiver communication in such a way that a user is able to listen to the radio online or through their mobile phone.The plenty who have embraced this good-hearted of change in technology are the juvenility and this has greatly affected the way the that they interact within society. Improved computer literacy has favored the materialization people in that majority of them are computer literate and can understand the computer language.The youth for example are the dominant group that will be found at social networking sites. To understand better how advanced technology has affected the life of the younker adult generation, we need to explore a arcsecond into the different methods of communication.The mobile phone is the most easily getatable gadget used in modern day communication. Millions of people worldwide especially the young adults have embraced this mode of communication and majority own mobile phones.A mobile phone has great advantage over a fixed telephone or computer in that it is portable and helps the user take communication wherever he or she goes. Communication has become faster and cheaper through calls or short text messages and people are now closely knit together through this network.Improvements to this service have given rise to radio and email communication through the mobile phone and one can now access the internet of listen to radio through the phone. Mobile phone communication nub that information goes with you wherever you are.Through the mobile phone, it has become very easy to keep contact with colleagues such as former schoolmates, parents, friends etc.Everything has its own disadvantages and the mobile phone is no exception. Wrong information can easily be relayed through this mode of communication and lawbreakers have taken advantage of this.Unruly youths have been able to organize execrable activities in a faster and more organized manner making it difficult for the l aw to get them. The mobile phone has been a root word of breakups in relationships as people disagree on phone. Young adults are most prone to this kind of problem.The internet also known as the web or cyberspace has turned the world into one village by interconnecting and the world can now meet together on the internet.Anyone who can be able to access the internet has access to almost everything they need. Where young people previously referred to libraries and archives for information, they can now collect materials from the internet.The internet works through a collection of web addresses or www which enable the user to access the internet . This is done through internet service providers who make these web pages accessible to the users. Various computer programs enable the user to carry out different functions over the internet such as chatting, teleconferencing, blogging and email.The internet has become a source of employment for millions of young people around the world as t hey are the people working in the fields of networking, programming etc This means that a new social group that was not there before is now in existent and in operation. These groups have their own way of interacting and co-existing in their working and also social emvironment.E-mail is a mode of communication on the internet that links together subscribers who have registered on the internet. It allows a subscriber to receive, read, compose and reply mail online. This mode of communication is very popular with the young people as it is a more modern method of letter writing.It beats normal spatial relationage stamp in that the reciepent gets the information immediately. It is cheaper that a telephone call and carrys more information than a text message. The young adults have taken advantage of its convenience to update each other on different issues, to apply for schools and jobs etc.The email makes the distance covered by normal mail shorter, is faster and more reliable. We also have webmail the difference being that with an email you have to work online but with a webmail you work offline and get connected when conveying the information.The email service is now purchasable through the mobile phone and this has made it even cheaper and more convenient as one does not have to visit a cyber room to send or receive an email (Joan Tunstall, J. (1999).Chatting refers to a mode of communication over the internet in which two or more people in different localities can hold a conversation or discussion online by typing information on the computer.This is a style very popular with the youth as it is same as if people were talking face to face the only difference being that you cannot hear or see each other.Chat room created on the web have become meeting places fro many young people and they have also been able to make new friends through this channel. This has given rise to new kind of social group that communicates through chat rooms (Daniel J. Myers (2000).Bl ogging is another type of internet communication that is popular with the young people. This form of online publishing enables the user to add new information onto an already existing topic.Blogging is very convenient in that a new user can use an already existing blog to add new contributions to a certain topic. Blogging is very popular with people who wish to market their products as they have a fast means of letting fellow bloggers whats on the market.The internet provides such programs as Windows Media Player that enables the user to play digital music through the computer e.g CDs, DVDs and also listen to FM stations. Young people are fun lovers and they are now able to watch movies, listen to music and radio through the internet.This can be done form the comfort of you living room or even in the office when relaxing. This has affected the mode of fundamental interaction amongst the youth in that they now no longer have to visit movie houses to watch movies but can borrow from t he library .Download software programs also enable the young people to play various types of games which would otherwise have been un affordable in the real situation.Young adults are also able to share ideas through Social Networking Sites (SNSs). Social Network Sites are internet based services that enable people to created their own personal profiles. Examples are Mysapce and Facebook.These profiles can be shared out with other persons within a closed environment. Users will be able to interact within the same user group although these sites can also be viewed by non-users. Users are able to upload such items as photos, videos etc.This mode of communication is used to enhance interaction between relationships that were already existing offline. Users of this service are introduced by others already in the service and thus the reason why young people are attracted to SNSs because their friends are already on these sites.This work to create closed user groups. Social Network Sites grow in popularity among people of a certain country, race, sex or even community. SNSs like CyWorld and Orkut for example are very popular in countries such as Korea, India and Brazil. An SNS will therefore enable a certain community or group to post and share comments as well as enhance friendships.The users are able to express themselves turn at the same time interacting with others within an SNS community. This mode of communication makes interaction easier and faster by reducing distance between the users (Ramy H.N., Moppett S. A (2000).Teleconfrencing is yet another mode if internet communication that has changed the way young adults interact. This refers to retentivity of meetings through the internet between groups at different geographical locations. Unlike in chatting, the parties involved are able to see and hear each other.Social forums involving young people as well as academic exchange programs are carried out through teleconferencing. This means that ideas are exch anged and solutions to various found while avoiding traveling costs.

The Theory of Social Contracts

The period of Enlightenment ushered in an age of intellectual development as well as theoretical smorgasbordations on the image of society. English political thinker Thomas Hobbes and French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau posit political treatises on the formation of social contracts as a necessity of homophile and fin tout ensemble toldy leads to the establishment of an ideal government. The paper will discuss front the concept of opuss nature harmonise to both philosophers in come in to deposit the reason behind the formation of such contracts which will subsequently lead to the existence of governments and self-governingty.Hobbes proposes that hu hu domain of a functionly concernity be is essentially at war with other men, motivated by personal desire and cultism of death that inhibits the formation of a pink of my Johnful society. Rousseau however, contradicts Hobbes argument of man as course at war but looks into a different secernate wherein man possesses mercy which enables the formation of ideal relationships and pull downtually, social contracts. We look into Hobbess viewpoint in his treatise Leviathan and compargon and contrast several arguments with Rousseaus On The Origin of Inequality and Social Contracts.Hobbes Natural Man and Covenants Hobbes political theory in Leviathan stipulates the formation of covenants as the final end of mans actions, transgressing from his natural recount wherein man is in constant war with himself and with others. First, we define Hobbes argument on the natural state of man that provides the basis of bout. In semblance with Rousseaus viewpoint, the nature of social contracts is reversed, wherein Rousseaus notion of social conventions is negative compared to Hobbes notion of contracts as a deviation from the erring state of human nature.Hobbes argues For each man look that his companion should value him at the said(prenominal) rate he sets upon himself, and upon all signs of contempt or under valuing naturally endeavor to extort a greater value from his condemners. So that in the nature of man, we find three principal causes of quarrel. First, competition secondly, diffidence thirdly, glory (Hobbes 84). The primitive state of man is border on Hobbes statement where every man is enemy to every man (Hobbes 85).Each man-to-man is focused on the aspiration for personal gain, thus creating conflict or an unharmonious relationship because of completion (gain), diffidence (safety, self-preservation), and glory (reputation). The chaotic context provided in Hobbes argument consequently inhibits the concept of justice in a adjournicular social setting. Since man is motivated by personal gain, the business of death through self-preservation, and personal glory, there is no concept of right and defame or even justice. Where there is no common power, there is no law where no law, no injustice (Hobbes 85). Thus, we see Hobbes attempt to present his first law on mans natural state that man, motivated by personal gain, sets himself in conflict with other men who pursue the same object. He then narrates the passions that incline men to peace are fear of death desire of such things as are necessary to commodious sprightliness and a hope by their industry to obtain them (Hobbes 86).According to Hobbes, the natural law governing social relationships is motivated by the passions specifically, mans fear of death. Thus, the first natural law, in context with the natural state, is that every man has innate rights or liberty to will himself to self-preservation and that 1 can do whateverthing to his body, even to another person. As long as this natural law exists, there can be no harmonious buildup of society.The second law then obligates man to create peace or to achieve peace through any means necessary and from here, man is then obligated to set such curb to all and that every right of man is necessary to be withdrawn or transferred in order to build peace sinc e to maintain the second rule, man will be constantly at war. The renouncement of rights is essentially good in itself because it aspires for the majority rather than the self, governed by selfish passions.However, such rights are not to be taken away by force or for an individual to force himself of withdrawing his own, since he cannot be understood to aim thereby at any good to himself (Hobbes 91). Renouncement of rights should be voluntary and by choice, in order to determine the goodness which will benefit the majority. Thus, social contracts or covenants are formed. Hobbes argues that for a man to achieve peace, it is necessary to break away, through the tenets of reason, from the natural state wherein every individual is motivated by personal gain and fear of death.This fear motivates the individual, in relation to self-preservation, to create contracts with other men in order to achieve peace, wherein the value of life becomes the unifying factor for all thus creating peace a nd harmony. Covenants are then considered to be the agreements that will benefit two parties aspiring for different objects. Justice then presents itself in the front end of covenants, for justice occurs when an individual performs or acts upon the agreement or covenant while injustice is the failure to establish covenants which inadvertently places the individual in his former natural state.Hobbes definition of the natural state and the natural law focuses on the importance of self-preservation or the fear of the death in relation to the individual. In contrast with Rousseau, the formation of contract is that of beneficial to man rather than Rousseaus argument that society itself that provides inequality and conflict. Contracts, through reason, necessitate a societal framework that is governed by the inexpressible right of every man to survival and preservation of life.The Commonwealth. For Hobbes, the ideal form of government is the formation of the community which acts as the f inal cause, end or design of men (who naturally revel liberty and dominion over others) in the introduction of that restraint upon themselves, in which we see them live in Commonwealths, is the foresight of their own preservation, and of a more well-off life thereby (Hobbes 116). The formation of covenants, which represent a duty-bound notion to aspire for peaceful societal conditions, inevitably leads to its conception wherein the withdrawal of individual rights is junior(a) toward its formation.Conventions serve the function as a mean toward the aspiration of the common power or will of the majority. Common power acts as a egis against external attack or injuries that an individual whitethorn cause upon the other and is formed through the transcendence of personal right to a man or an assembly Confer all their power and strength upon one man, or upon one assembly of men, that may reduce all their will, by plurality of their portion, unto one will which is as much to say, to appoint one man, or assembly of men, to bear their person (Hobbes 118).Every man should then willingly state I authorize and give up my right of governing myself to this man, or to this assembly of men, on this condition that thou give up thy right to him and authorize all his action in like manner (Hobbes 118). We take into context a mix between a democracy (representation of the few) and monarchy (rule by a self-governing). However, Hobbes monarchy is not all absolute, ruled by the elite or loyalty rather Hobbes conception of monarchy focuses on the rule of a sovereign where powers are granted by the conventions of the majority.From such, the sovereign is then obligated to perform the powers bestowed upon the social covenants the sovereign itself being a representation of the general will of the people. The Commonwealth The sovereign, either instituted in one man or an assembly of men, is bestowed power of the withheld rights by society or subjects. As sovereign, its responsibil ity lies on any action or authorization to ensure the presence of duration of peace and to create any means necessary to protect individuals from others as well as to protect attacks from other societies.According to Hobbes, there are precisely three kinds of commonwealth and nothing else a democracy, monarchy, or aristocracy. Hobbes does not believe that no man aspires for a turbulent and rocky society. However, Hobbes is partial toward a monarchial government, which, according to him, generally embodies the conventions made by man, and in essence, the nature of a commonwealth The riches power and honor of a monarch arise only from the riches, strength, and reputation of his subject.For no king can be rich nor glorious, nor secure, whose subjects are either poor, or contemptible, or too weak through want, or controversy (Hobbes 130). Amor Propre and Civil Society On the other fall out, Jean-Jacques Rousseaus work Discourse on Inequality and Social Contract primarily present argu ments against Hobbes definition on the natural state of man in contrast with social systems and conventions. Rousseau argues on the condition of the human soul as it progresses from its distinct natural form up until the pure state of man is transformed through social relationships or systems.First, he argues the physical differences of man, which in essence, does not ultimately provide a faithful basis of inequality I conceive that there are two kinds of inequality among the human species one which I call natural or physical, because it is launch by nature, and consists in a difference of age, health, bodily strength, and the qualities of the mind or the soul and another, which may be called moral or political inequality, because it depends on a kind of convention. (Rousseau 1)Apart from physical differences, inequality falls under the moral or political understanding. In the context of social structure, inequality lies on the flow of power and wealth, wherein the notion of ob liging society is created by the rich in order to suppress the poor of wealth and maintain power among the elite few. In contrast with Hobbes, Rousseau presents a different view of mans natural state wherein man is savage in nature wherein ideas are generated by sense experience. But in opposition to regular animals, man has reason that establishes himself apart from common animals.The natural doings of man is similar to that of Hobbes viewpoint but differs in motivation. According to Rousseau, the basic instinct of man is self-preservation, free will and compassion the last being the most important part in mans natural state wherein Hobbes contends to mans natural war with the other. He contends Hobbes view of mans nature which compels him with the fear of death. However, Rousseau argues the knowledge of death and its terrors being one of the first acquisitions made by man in departing from an animal state (Rousseau 17).In contrast, Hobbes provides death as a motivator for withdra wing personal rights in order to achieve peace while Rousseau presents reason as a way of fighting the irrational passions that push him out of his natural state. In addition, compassion is the important natural virtue that contradicts selfish impulses or vices which come from the passions or irrational tendencies of man. Rousseau narrates that Hobbes definition of man does not provide himself with an idea of goodness, that man may be considered as evil.Rousseaus view presents man, in his primitive state, as essentially good, and possesses virtue. so many writers have hastily concluded that man is naturally cruel, and requires civil institutions to make him more mild whereas nothing is more gentle than man in his primitive state, as he is placed by nature at an equal distance from the stupidity of brutes (Rousseau 47). Compassion is the most important aspect of man, along with innate desires of preservation, reason and free will. It is this compassion that hurries us without gramma tical construction to the relief of those who are in distress it is this which in a state of nature supplies the place of laws, morals, and virtue, with the advantage that none are tempted to disobey its gentle voice (Rousseau 31). Compassion generates interaction with other men and the natural instinct of self-preservation, as times continue to progress, enables the individual to improve living conditions. Thus, the combination of compassion, reason, self-preservation enables the individual to form conventions with other men.However, the problem lies with the development of amour propre, the subsequent regularity of conventions where mans reason is garbled to a false sense of dependency on the individuals through improvement of self-perception and acquiring favor. The natural, non-invasive self-love is transformed to a more self-centered and jealous love of others. Man must now, therefore, have been perpetually diligent in getting others to interest themselves in his lot and in ma king them, apparently at least, if not really, find their advantage in promoting his own (Rousseau 51).This sulfurous notion of self-love conveys competition, comparison with others, hatred, and the continuous search of ambition and power In a word, there arose rivalry and competition on the one hand and conflicting interests on the other, together with a secret desire on both profiting at the expense of others (Rousseau 51). The Social Contract Thus, Rousseau defines mans state of nature as it develops amour propre. To deviate from the natural state, the formation of social contract is evident in order to rid of the evils pertaining civil society.According to Rousseau, the conception of social contracts delimits the individual from inequality and therefore frees himself from the trappings of social classification. The purpose of the contract is to establish a body that will inadvertently defend the rights of the individual and the right of society as a while. Similar to that of H obbes notion, social contracts are meant to deviate the condition of human nature from its amoral/evil sense in order to create society focused on peace.The social contract, in Rousseaus perspective, is founded on the presence of the general will Each of us puts his person and all his power in common under the supreme direction of the general will, and in our corporate capacity, we receive each member as an indivisible part of the whole (Rousseau Social Contract, 59). The general will is the summation of all opinions of the majority, which in turn acts as an abstract form that aims toward the good of all. Rousseau also posits the idea of a sovereign which acts a representative of the people.The people however, in Rousseaus form of government, are not represented by senators or magistrates but represent themselves as a symbol of the general will. Sovereign Similarities Both philosophers argue on the importance of social contracts in establishing relationships with people in order to construct an congenial and peaceful social framework. Both stress the importance of the natural law of man to deviate himself from his primary state and is obligated to create a world without indifference and conflict through commonality of opinions and desire.The difference lies on both philosophers account of mans nature, wherein Hobbes argues that man is essentially evil and it is through civil relationship that man refines himself and achieves peace. Rousseau contradicts Hobbes arguments that he had failed to include compassion as a virtue in mans natural state. Rousseau opines negatively toward civil societies, that conventions itself dash mans natural state through social classification and levels of power. Instead, Rousseau posits man as a docile creature until society corrupts his natural state.On the subject of contracts, both thinkers apply the same rule for the formation of social agreement as majority of society transfers its rights toward a sovereign that which govern s and protects them. However, Hobbes is partial toward a monarchial government wherein it is suited with the embodiment of his covenants while Rousseau proposes the same powers for a sovereign but also adds the presence of the government to mitigate the function of the sovereign who acts as the representation of the general will while the government attends to particular or private wills.Smiths Theory of Moral Sentiments Economic theorist crack Smith proposes on his treatise Theory of Moral Sentiments the formation of a consciousness in the perspective of a leader, or in Rousseaus/Hobbes context, a sovereign, in order to determine, apart from proper behavior, the rules and regulations that one must impose upon the subjects of society. Smith narrates We suppose ourselves the spectators of our own behavior, and to endeavor to imagine what effect it would, in this light produce upon us (Smith 112).In context of a sovereign, it is essential, according to Smith, to examine actions and d ecisions through a detached position wherein the leader supposes himself to be a common citizen that according to theory, provides the power and responsibility of governance. Thus, rules imposed upon the subjects of sovereignty should be taken into proper consideration by the sovereign, so as to measure the worth and value of behavior reflection upon society, according to Smith.For example, a rulers ethical behavior is dependent on the laws in which he imposes over the ruled. Harsh policies that generally disfavor society imply that the ruler may be arrogant and selfish and therefore does not suit the position. Lenient policies on the other hand may imply a carefree attitude with the lack of seriousness that a good leader must possess.Thus, rules and impositions should situate itself in the middle rather than the organic and through Smiths propositions, the leader must then view rules as an ordinary citizen. In relation to Hobbes and Rousseaus social theories, the concept of the s overeign is created by the people and represents the general will. Therefore, there is an implication of a natural balance of power between the governed and the sovereign.In Hobbes view, the sovereigns duty is situated or authored by the subjects and therefore cannot harm the governed whether through abuse or dereliction of duty rather, the formation of laws and policies are in relation toward the fulfillment of the commonwealths purpose that is, the preservation of peace. However, Hobbes monarchial standpoint does not entirely agree with Smiths proposition since the monarch, utilizing the commonwealths purpose, has the power of censorship on speech, publication or any other form of expression that may disturb the peaceful status quo.Thus, Smiths proposal cannot be use with Hobbess notion of government. However, Rousseau takes into consideration the general will of the populace that also gives right and power to the sovereign. But Rousseau does not imply the purpose of peace in hi s government rather, he focuses on the general will as given power. The sovereign has then the duty to make sure that laws do not give away the freedom of every individual for it is they who had created power in the first place.

Coriolanus is a man of action who is finally defeated by words Essay

Coriolanus is a man of action who is finally defeated by manner of speaking. To what extent do you chequer?There is no question that Coriolanus has, like any other tragic hero, a large flaw in his soldier personality, a weakness that could needs lead to his downfall. His inability with haggle against his ability as a warrior is a fatal combination, and this begs the question as to whether it was this single weakness or his military strengths that were last the cause of his defeat.Coriolanus demonstrates right from the beginning of the play that his tactless way with words leads him to become his own worst competitor. In Act 1, Scene 1, Menenius cleverly uses the fabrication of the Belly to highlight to the plebeians how fundamental Coriolanus is to their society, that he is the storehouse and the shop of the whole body and they couldnt get by without him. Yet immediately after the citizens prevail calmed down and accepted Menenius terminology as an answer, Coriolanus enters and undoes all that Menenius has said by saying that the dissentious rogues ar cursharesgeese who like nor peace nor war, slander them first through his use of animal imagery and again by implying their weak and fickle nature. His pride gives him the ability to completely disregard the impact his words will have on others and, eventually, himself, which indeed gives the impression that words, particularly his own, will be the destroyers of his position.However, this tendency that Coriolanus has to speak his mind without hesitation reflects his nature as a soldier and the way that it is essential to act instantly on the battlefield, as even the slightest hesitation could be disastrous. As Menenius says, his hearts his mouth and that his become has bred him ithwars / Since a could draw a sword, and is ill-schooled / In bolted language, which clearly shows that the reason he lacks the skill to speak like a authorized politician is because he has been brought up as a soldier, and so ldiers need only to think of their actions and how swiftly they execute them. Communication is unimportant what proves a fighters worth is his wounds non his word, whereas a statesman is the complete opposite. It is therefore apparent that whilst Coriolanus speaks irrationally and with haste in a way that is damaging towards his reputation, it is only because he is adopting his combatant nature, the only attitude he knows.It is not only his own words, but excessively the words of others that exacerbate his downfall. The Tribunes in Act 3, Scene 3 manage to persuade the mob that Coriolanus is a traitor to the people and that they should withdraw their votes and banish him their city. Shakespeare uses Sicinius provoking Coriolanus into a fuming rage twice to show how strongly and negatively words affect him, as Brutus and Sicinius deliberately suggest the people in what hatred he still hath held them.In Act 3, Scene 1 the Tribune uses the word shall, a very forceful word implying n ecessity, which angers Coriolanus and causes him to make an insulting and vicious speech in an attempt to indicate his power over them. In Act 3, Scene 3, a similar event takes place, where again Sicinius provokes Coriolanus into a furious rage by calling him a traitor. All Coriolanus ranting manages to do is make the citizens turn against him even more and convince them to indeed banish him. This banishment does eventually lead to his death, so in this particular fount the use of words is a key factor in his defeat.Although throughout the majority of the play the tragic hero is seen as a poor semipublic speaker, there are a few examples of words turning from macrocosm his enemy to being his friend. Act 1, Scene 4 sees Coriolanus giving a speech to ready his army for battle. Shakespeare cleverly changes his speech into verse for the first clipping, to highlight the change in the quality of his words and also to emphasise his persuasiveness. He also describes his soldiers as havi ng hearts more proof than shields, a powerful metaphor designed to inspire them to fight. He treats the men as his fellows rather than animals, as rise up as threatening to kill them if they dont fight.This authoritative and influential speech made by Coriolanus emphasises the fact that he is able to use words effectively when he needs to. Act 1, Scene 6 also includes a powerful use of rhetoric by Coriolanus when he asks make you a sword of me? which incorporates the extended metaphor of the body politic and of all the men working together, a very significant element as it is the first time this play sees the men working as one with the protagonist. These words certainly do not lead to Coriolanus downfall, but rather allow him to gain a prestigious title after winning a spectacular battle, demonstrating the true warrior that he is.The reason that things do start to go wrong for Coriolanus, however, is because he is not well suited to be a statesman, as well as the fact that he has to stand for his place as consul and is forced to ask the plebeians for their votes, which in the end he does not succeed in getting. Politics are about words and battles are about actions, and Coriolanus is definitely more suited for one than he is for the other. His mothers aspirations for him to become consul are highly ambitious, yet she doubts not but our Rome will cast upon thee, whereas he had rather be their servant in his way / Than sway with them in theirs.This makes it apparent that Coriolanus would rather fight than speak as he does not want to be a politician, and it is the first sign of conflict between him and his mother, as well as the first sign of where things begin to take a turn for the worse. Words are evidently not only his enemy but also something that he himself is scared of, reflected in his modest behaviour, and he also says that when blows have made him cheque he fled from words. He knows that he is not a good speaker and would therefore rather stay a so ldier. It is strongly ironic that his greatest enemy isnt on the battlefield but in fact much closer to home. This certainly shows that Coriolanus is a man of action, and that he is trying to avoid being defeated by words, although he does not succeed.Volumnia did not just have high ambitions for her son after winning his battle she had been forming him through her words since he was a child to become the person that she could not be, due to the restrictions of Roman society. She rejoiced in his absence when he was fighting and was pleased to let him seek peril where he was like to find fame.Honour was what mattered most to her, and her guidance had managed to lead Coriolanus astray, as she steered herself and her son through her delusional plans to make him a great leader. She counts his wounds and thanks the gods fort, which is a very unaffectionate thing to do. This lack of a true maternal presence in his life is what some believe to be the wind factor that made him abandon Rome to fight alongside Aufidius after he was accused of being a traitor and ultimately what led to his death. This is because another possible example of the use of words against him as his own mother shaped him into the man he became through her words.Although Coriolanus is capable of speaking effectively and using words to his advantage when under pressure, he has essentially been brought up to be a soldier and is therefore not only a dupe of the harmful words of others but also incapable of defending himself through his own speeches, which is the fatal flaw in his character that leads him to be defeated. Shakespeare clearly shows that, aside from a few exceptions, Coriolanus is certainly a man of action defeated by words.BibliographyShakespeare, W. Coriolanus. (L. Bliss, Ed.) The New Cambridge Shakespeare.Coriolanus Godalming College Study Guide, 2011. Godalming College.

Arguments for and against vegetarianism Essay

What are the arguments for and against vegetarianism?Seeing animals running around filled with cuteness can bring a smile to anybodys face. But knowing the fact that near of them will be taken away and butchered creates a number of arguments because some muckle would simply put this follow up as cruelty were as others would c severally it nub.Over the past years more and more campaigns and protestations have been started. Talking to a lot of vegetarians I nominate that their reason for being a vegetarian was because they found it a way of living with avoiding every form of killing animals. That or they found it better for their health, as most cancer institutions will approve that vegetarians have a much lower rate of cancer. A lot of people have been found to say what gives us the right to kill innocent lives, animal or non-animal? They believe animals have rights too.Many vegetarians, and especi anyy vegans, also choose to give up the use of all animal products, including le ather, fur, and animal products used in common household items and substances. Some say that killing animals for any reason is entirely unnecessary, while others argue that homophile beings are non meant to be carnivores at all, pointing to a humans small canines, flat molars, long intestines and less acidic stomachs, all ideal for eating fruits (carnivores have larger teeth, shorter intestines and stronger stomach acids.) Many feel that all animals are creatures with emotions, feelings, and the ability to feel pain too.Moving on to the arguments against vegetarianism. First of all, not all vegetarians eat healthy. A great deal simply switch to avoid fondness, but still consume large amounts of foods that remain questionable. These lazy vegetarians usually hold up on a diet of coffee, hard liquor, cigarettes, French fries, potato chips, pizza, ramen noodles and candy, with the occasional vegetable or two. One troubling aspect of vegetarianism, and specifically veganism, is that it can in reality be inadequate and can resultin nutrient deficiencies. Particularly vulnerable are children, especially infants, who can fail to grow at the comely rate due to deficiencies of energy, calcium, zinc, Vitamins B-12 and D, amino acids and nitrogen in vegan diets.Animals would eat us if they were hungry, why shouldnt we eat them? This is a question asked widely by meat eaters. And the fact is. Its true. Animals would eat us. Moreover meat is a large part of the Westernised world. Some eat meat because they like it, and some do not because they do not like it.I find being a meat-eater that there is a food chain, that humans and animals follow.For instance, human beings eat animals and plants and Animals eat plants and other animals.People call eating meat cruelty and murder, and to back themselves up they come to ethics. moral philosophy is the philosophical study of right and wrong, good and bad it is a critical evaluation of our actions and their possible or real consequences.They say we are human beings with unique rational minds capable of raising the question of whether killing is right or wrong and governing our behaviour accordingly we are, in short, the ethical animals.Once again the question pops up. If we are called ethnic animals then we should be able to decide between the wrongs and rights of our actions. If a majority of people think that meat eating is not wrong and should be able to take place without the criticising of vegetarians then let it be.To conclusion it is almost puzzling as to why people choose or choose not to include animal meat in their daily diet. It is also quite a debatable topic because each argument for and against vegetarianism can be disputed. At the end of the day the question revolving around will be, to be or not to be a Vegetarian? It real is a matter of choosing the alternative.

Argyles Communication Cycle

This assignment will hash out two well k presentlyn theories of drug abuseful communion. Firstly it will look at Michael Argyle (1972), the cycle of communication and then it will discuss Bruce Tuckman (1965) stages of communication. Michael Argyle (1972) looks at the cycle of communication which involves six stages this is about sending receiving and the decoding of messages between exclusive and also assemblys.An ideas occurs when one has musical theme of an idea that they want to express with an another(prenominal) person/sMessage coded when the idea has been thought through, in that location is a thought process of how this idea is going to then be communicated. There is a thought as to how this message is going to express it, as it could be through language, writing, sign or symbols or whatever it may be.Message sent articulate the message, may it be verbal, written, sign or use what would be most appropriate in order to communicate effectively.Message received when the message has been heard or seen, depending on how the message was sent in the first place.Message decoded this is where the person who had received the message is starting to suffer sense of the message. As one tries to decode the message is received is at this point where they can break away interpret the message.Message understood providing that all goes well the initial idea is then understood but any(prenominal)times this doesnt always happen.Once there is understanding then Bruce Tuckmans (1965), stages of communication looks at how a assort of plenty prevail to develop their behaviour in order to become an effective group, all to yield a viridity goal.His sequential theory has four stages of communication.Forming has been considered to be the introduction stage, where it is not clear to the group what their purpose is. At the same time they put one another under scrutiny as they are not too familiar with individually other, so there in not more than in the w ay of trust either.So as a result of this some may not be happy with the idea. Some may be feeling frustrated where as others may just hold up some issues about working with particular people. There could be a lack of values and some prejudices may possibly be expressed initially to some fractions of the group.Storming when putting certain characters together that unremarkably dont work with one another, it at this stage where the competition is rife as there is a power struggle within the group as some may try to vary the teams mission. This could result in arguments about how the group is going work and what roles each part will be having. Eventually the team itself could splint. As a result of putting different people together, the group begins to form relationships with each other and can sometimes for smaller group. This causes the lack of motivation, anxiety and foiling resulting in the groups failure to complete the mission.Norming during this stage the trust and resp ect is developing amongst the members of the group, since it becomes clear that each member has a role and they are aware of what their role will be. As a result of them feeler together with a common goal they all have a shared expectation of each other, which is known as norm. They have fully established norm, a set of common beliefs and values. Individuals become more motivated and commitment is demonstrated with each member of the group, whilst the team is being creative.The group now have a fully defined purpose and so success begins to flow within the group.Performing the group now demonstrates that actually they are able to perform the task effectively as members feel comfortable, at relieve and have a sense of belonging to the group as a whole. There is a senior high school sense of morale as the group experience high levels of trust, pride and support from each other and so now this group begin to feel that their performance has been of better-quality. More often than not I believe that the patterns of behaviour do actually arise in some individuals.There are those that are more extreme than others, whereas some are less extreme but none the less this does not apprise that people cannot work well together. According to Tuckmans theory these stages can be very effective in breaking down the barriers of communication within a group of individuals that have a common goal. With Argyles theory it is agreed that this very process does actually taken place when communication but at the same time it could easily breakdown when the message has been misunderstood of misheard.

Mcdonald’s Green Marketing Strategy

How McDonalds Change Their customer Perspective and Increase Their Sales with Green Marketing The light-green curve has became a world(prenominal) issue since division 1990s, peak in year 2000s. In business, it bum drive people perspective to make step up which provoker was good or bad. McDonalds probably is one of the company that realize this issue is actually important for their business in this century. McDonalds is the biggest lush food chain in the world with more than 32,000 outlets in 117 countries. The company has employed more than 1. 7 million people. Last year, theyve made 1. 2 bn out from 6. 1 bn.For years, many critics came up against McDonalds about how bad they treat world environment and sceptical how far they care about people healths, especially on obesity. The most famous attack to this fast food company probably was a documentary film that tells a people who eat Mcdonalds repasts for a month would hasten his death. McDonalds also considered to pee-p ee responbility of 28% waste package (littering) in UK. Public suggested the company to more persuade their customers not to do littering. And also, public critics McDonalds happy meal which ca single-valued functiond early obesity to child.Those critics had succeed to change people perspective, in year 2000, their income declined with some outlets shut as their new record. Started in 2000s, McDonalds is fighting back, massively and quietly counter the critics with green marketing. It is not wholly to increase the company sales, but more important to change the way customers think about McDonalds, their perspective. transparently how they do it? McDonalds is not sustainable company from the beginning, they has core DNA to create delicious food, oleaginous foods, and sugary foods.They must be careful to take an action, the green strategy not only have to change customers willing to buy, but also it could deoxidize cost and generate more valuable profit. McDonalds is aiming to bl ow up their green with five criteria, thither are nutrition and well-being, sustainable supply chain, environmental responbility, employee experience, and community. They started to create a new logo switching their traditional red background with the deep green one- to promote a eco-friendlier image.McDonalds has done a lot of things in order to prove their environmental responbility to their customers, especially by reduce the energy they used. In Germany, at less 100 McDonalds eating house would use the green logo by the end of year 2009. And also, some restaurant in big(p) Britain and France would too. They started to use eco-friendly package 80 percent of their package was made of renewable resources-. They change white napkins with plain brown, which saves 1. 3 million dollars annualy, while reducing energy, woods and water use.In France, some restaurants has made an innovation to use eco-friendly sofware that can reduce electricity usage by 11%. In Sweden, they use CO2 se nsor in their restaurants to adjust ventilation, which is reduce the usage of electricity by 15% anually. Various anti-littering campaign is turn out to many countries, such as Portugal, UK, France, Switzerland, Australia, and others countries. From their menu, they change a bit in the name of their customer health, they reduce French fries size, adding fruits to its food, bring more healthier salad, less sugar drinks and foods, even low plunk down foods.Moreover, in Germany, there are some restaurants that provide no burgers and sells salad at just 7 euros, they can choose 5 traditional salads and mix it. Another weapons is sells coffee sustainbly grown coffee and organic milk- with brand McCafe, while they offering low-calorie foods in the other sides. This strategy was made a significant growth, in Germany there are currently 1386 reaturants with 737 integrated McCafe inside, encouraged by a worlwide revenues of 23. 5 billions dollars.They also made a parcel to the local commu nities, all supply of each restaurants is provided by the local farmers in that city, except their global sponsor drinks, Coca-Cola. They also prove that they care about woman livings, 28. 1% of worldwide top trouble (VP and Ups) are women, while 50% Company Owned Restaurant Managers are women too. The last but not least, more than 30 countries recognises McDonalds as great place to work. All of green things above was winnerfully delivered to customers by various medias, it proved by the increasing growth 13% sales in year 2011 from year 2008.And also, the legendary Big Mac sales rose 10 percent last year, helping keep the company stock price to nearly $100 a share. In the other hand, the advertize budget has been estimated to exceed $2 billion. It shows that McDonalds has successfully came back to winning by counter critics with the rightly strategic green marketing. They do the strategy without change the fastfood image, but they do with showing their will and contribution to the environment. Finally, it can change human perspective and willing to buy with the increasing sales as the success parameter.Sources Birkner, Christine. 2012. McDonalds Scores Itself on Sustainability Will Consumers Be Lovin It?. http//www. marketingpower. com/ResourceLibrary/Documents/newsletters/mne/2012/1/mne_mcdonalds_sustainability. pdf. family line 3rd 2012. O Brien, Keith. 2012. How McDonalds Came Back Bigger Than Ever. http//www. nytimes. com/2012/05/06/magazine/how-mcdonalds-came-back-bigger-than-ever. html? _r=1pagewanted=all&&pagewanted=all. September 3rd 2012 Environmental Leader. 2012.McDonalds Counters denunciation With Green Marketing Effort. http//www. environmentalleader. com/2009/05/19/mcdonalds-serves-up-green-practices/. September 3rd 2012. Salisbury, Peter. 2011. Behind the Brand McDonalds. http//www. theecologist. org/green_green_living/behind_the_label/941743/behind_the_brand_mcdonalds. html. September 3rd 2012 Laura, Nerdy. 2011. McDonalds going green I m lovin it. ?. http//businessnerds. wordpress. com/2011/05/29/mcdonald%E2%80%99s-going-green-%E2%80%93-i%E2%80%99m-lovin%E2%80%99-it/. September 3rd 2012.

Loneliness in ‘Of Mice and men’ by John Steinbeck Essay

Of Mice and custody, is a novel written by John Steinbeck in the 1930s. It is mountain in Salinas California and shows us what manner was ilk for migrant workers at this time. The book was set in the time of the Ameri fuel depression caused by the Wall Street Crash. In 1929 Steinbeck himself had taken on unskilled jobs to support himself for 7 years from 1919. South Clara in Northern California was where Steinbeck worked as a farm laborer. It is from there that the scenery, setting and experiences of Steinbeck in Northern California befool been etched into the novel Of Mice and Men.The book describes how alone(p) life rouse be. There ar three different kinds of devastation these accept isolation, solitude and abandonment. George and Lennie argon different from the other(a) characters in the novel as they have each other to look after them aint mevery guys travel around together. They have been assistants from childhood and George has given and oath to Aunt Clara that he will look after Lennie. George and Lennie both shargon the equal aspiration to own a piece of land that no-one will take a personal manner from them. They each sacrifice a sum of their wages towards the reverie.The characters in this novel are all envious to some intent of the spare fri culminationship shared by George and Lennie because they do not have that in their life. All the characters are extremely lonely and unhappy with their lives (except Slim, who is the further character that devourms to be confident and happy with his life), and none of them can escape this unhappiness. Economic and social forces control them, and free will light uponms non-existent.Guys like us, that live on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the cosmea. George means that if not for each other, then he and Lennie would be all alone, with no friends, like all the men like them, who are migrant workers moving from ranch to ranch without making any friends, and living a lonely life. George and his simple-minded friend Lennie dream, of a place to call their own. The Dream represents a sense of freedom to George and Lennie as they will be their own bosses and can do as they please. too the achieving of the dream will mean they will not have to travel and have a kinsperson which they can really call home. They will not have to wear their uniforms and will have much possessions than a migrant worker. George and Lennie are very different, George is a smart and composed man, who seems to need mental arousal from a companion, which he cannot have in his relationship with Lennie. Even though they have each other, they are still both lonely at a certain level, even if one does not distinctly understand the other. The important thing is human contact and being there together.Somebody who loses his best companion is candy. glaze is the honest-to-godest person on the ranch. We can tell this when he mentions they are going to fire him Theyll can me purty soon also by the borin g jobs which he undertakes like sweeping the bunk house, as he only has one hand, he is a liability. He is a very friendly person and k this instants the rules of the ranch, we see this when he says a guy on a ranch dont never hear nor he dont ast no questions. His life long companion presumably a sheep tag which he had since it was a pup, was shot by Carlson, who was very persistent to take the dogs life as he did not like the path it smelled I dont know cryptograph that stinks so bad as an old dog. Although pleading with Carlson I had him so long. Had him since he was a pup, I herded sheep with him the only choice Candy was offered was if he would want to shoot the dog himself which he replied No I couldnt. I had im too long.Finally Candy had to let his companion go. The dog which was Candys comfort and enjoyment was now dead. As the gunshot went off in the distance every stage in the bunk house turned towards Candy to see the old mans reaction. For a moment he continued to s tare at the ceiling maybe remembering the happy memories he and his companion shared. Then he rolled slowly over and faced the wall and lay unspoken the identical action a dog would do when going to sleep.All was not lost, overhearing George and Lennies dream he wanted to share it. He told George and Lennie about what they did to his dog that night maybe to try and assume some compassion. You seen what they done to my dog tonight? They says he wasnt no good to himself or cipher else. When they can me here I wisht individuald shoot me. This shows Candy is nearing the end of his life at the farm. world part of George and Lennies dream comforts Candy and would be an nonpareil way to miss the rest of his life free from worries. George and Lennie accepted him into their dream partly due to the gravid sum of money which he had to contribute towards the dream. The dream was now becoming a reality.Crooks like Candy is an outcast because the society in which he resides is racist towa rds black masses. With a back injury that gives Crooks his knight he is more than permanent than the other men, we can see this with the possessions he has which include several pairs of shoes, a pair of rubber boots, a big alarm clock and a single barrelled shot-gun. Being alone has made Crooks very unsure about himself and bitterA guy goes nuts if he aint got nonentity. Dont matter no difference who the guy is, longs he with you. I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an he gets sick this was Crooks way of establishing a personal connection to Lennie. Like Lennie, Crooks has a relationship with loneliness. Crooks is rejected from every group of people and cannot socially interact with others, just like Lennie who cant socially interact properly because of his mental-disability. agent Im black. They prank cards in there, but I cant play because Im Black. They say I stink. Well I tell you, you all stink to me Crooks loneliness results from rejection others treat him unjust because he is different from them given that he is black. Crooks isnt allowed to participate in casual events with white people such as card games. He is treated unfairly and therefore acts the same way toward the white people who have offended him. In an effort to communicate with the outside world in my opinion Crooks reads books there were battered magazines and a few dirty books on a special shelf over his bunk this shows they were well read, maybe even more than once.Crooks is fascinated by the specialisation of the friendship of Lennie and George, especially how close they are. Crooks said, Well, spose, jus spose he dont aim back. Whatll you do then? Crooks asks these questions because he was curious and envious, about the friendship of Lennie and George, noticing that Lennie is retarded, he takes advantage of this situation to prevail him feel better and ease the pain of having others reject him. He wants the people to feel the way that he did when he was lonely, having no one.He is striving to achieve sympathy and understanding from others. Crooks would work for nothing if it meant communication with others. He even offers his services to Candy to work on their dream ranch to join in on the friendship and dream shared by Lennie and George, in order to gift behind him his lonely life.Curleys Wifes loneliness is due to her husband. Even though Curleys married woman is mentioned frequently, nobody asks what her name is. Nobody wants to talk her because people are afraid of Curley he is jealous and would start a fight with anyone who seek get downing her also due to the fact that Curley is the bosss son and anyone who tried to do something could loose their job. She does not like Curley, and purely married him to spite her mother we can see this when she says I dont like Curley. He aint a nice cranny. Furthermore he doesnt talk to her at all, and theres no one in her life with whom she can share her feelings, and longs for companionship. Candy influences view s about Curleys wife in George by heavy him Curleys married a tart. She pretends to look for her husband when she really wants to have a dialogue with the men in the ranch as she is lonely.Curley treats his wife like a trophy insisting that she should spend all her time in the house. Curleys wife asks the rhetorical question, think I like to irritate in that house alla time? showing her unhappiness. Curley does not care about his wife as he leaves her behind whenever he goes out and visits cat houses although he is married.Curleys wife talks to Lennie in chapter tail fin as she knows she can share her secrets and worries without Lennie telling anyone else, due to his mental age. She also indicates she is going to run out as she talks in a hurry. Curleys wife is very vigilant in the way she knows how Curleys hand was broken also in the way she finds the dead pup in the barn. Curleys wife tells Lennie about the chances she had of being an actress and blames her misfortune on her m other. She shows that marrying Curley was her last chance to get away from home. by chance she was making up stories about her past as she looked closely to see if she was impressing Lennie. Curleys wife is a threat to Crooks as she threatens him with death by hanging if he stands up to her. In those days if a coloured man was accused of something there would be no trial.Curleys wife is the one who ruins the dream as she let Lennie touch her hair and then resisted. She ended up getting killed which meant that Lennie would have to be killed as he committed murder. Her death could be thought of as a misfortune, but as a positive thing as well because it ended her suffering being the only womanhood in the ranch and having married a man like Curley she was inevitably destined for loneliness. But now that she is dead, she will not have to worry about being lonely ever again. Curleys wifes case of loneliness was the most severe throughout the novel. She struggled in her society to find somebody that she could befriend in vain.We can draw a similarity between Candy and Crooks both of these characters have a physical disability (Candy has a one hand, and Crooks has a crooked back) both caused by an accident, as well as another factor Crooks color and Candys old age, those factors make both of them outcasts. Because of their situation, they are both destined to loneliness, each of them deals with it in their own way Candy has his dog for companionship and makes conversation with the other men that work on the ranch, but Crooks turns towards booksAnother enkindle similarity we can draw is the one between the relationship between George and Lennie, and Candy and his old dog. both George and Candy are lonely, even though they have companionship Candy cannot talk to his dog, and George cant have a really serious conversation with Lennie either. Even though they have companionship, they need something deeper and more meaningful. It is also interesting to notice the simil ar fate of Candys dog and Lennie who will both be shot in the back of the head unsuspicious of what is going to happen.The last similarity wasted is between two of the loneliest characters in the novel Curleys Wife and Lennie. As weve seen previously, Curleys wife is the only woman in the novel, and her husband forbids her to talk to other men, and because of his jealousy, doesnt let other men approach her or else he picks a fight with them. George also gives orders to Lennie and strictly forbids him several times Dont even take a look at that bitch. I dont care what she says and what she doesyou leave her be well, you keep away from her, they arent allowed to talk to each other, thats what makes the fatal scene in the barn so tragic Curleys wife wanted to talk to someone so bad, that it drove her to her death.One of the most important lessons we learn in Of Mice and Men is that friendship and human interaction are two very valuable things in life, and that having them is as much as a right as it is a privilege. We must treasure these two things as it keeps us away from loneliness which is one of the thrash things a person can suffer from highlighted by the characters in the book.

Advantages of Computer Essay

Agriculture is a vital atomic number 18na of Pakistans economy and accounted for almost 30 percent of GDP annually, according to government estimates. The sector this instant supports three-quarters of the countrys population, employs half the labor force, and contributes a large share of foreign exchange earnings. The of import agricultural products are cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, and vegetables, in addition to milk, beef, mutton, and eggs. Pakistan depends on one of the worlds largest irrigation systems to support issue.The followers are the main plumes cultivated in PakistanWheatWheat is a staple food use in manufacture of baked products. It is grown on Barani lands. Wheat is grown in Punjab, Sindh and some move of K.P.K for cultivation of wheat. The temperature is favorable from October to May for the production of wheat. It does not need a lot of water. Pakistan is not ego sufficient in wheat production and has to import wheat from foreign countries. It acc ounts for over 70% of staring(a) cereals and over 36% of the countrys acreage is devoted to wheat cultivation.RiceRice is a Kharif crop and needs a great deal of water and heat. It is known as crop of water. It is grown in Punjab and Sindh. North- eastern Punjab and Larkana district are main rice growing regions. The Irri, Basmati and desi varieties are grown in Pakistan. Basmati is the most famous variety of rice grown in Pakistan. Its highest acreage is in the north eastern part of Pakistan. Pakistan is the worlds fourteenth largest producer of rice. Pakistan produces about 6 million tons of rice a year.Sugar CaneSugarcane is included in both Rabi and Kharif Crops. It is an important bills crop of Pakistan. It is a type of long grass perennial in nature. It is the most important and cheapest source of slight sugar. Gur,Alcohol and Desi Shakkar are also prepared from Sugar cane.The left out stalk fibers (bagasse) are used in the paper industries. It is cultivated in the spring s eason and harvested in November-December. It is mostly cultivated in render irrigated areas of Punjab, KPK and Sindh provinces.CottonCotton also known as the Silver Fiber is the most important cash crop of Pakistan. It is known to have been produced in the Indus plain since 3000 BC. Pakistan, ranks fifth in world cotton production and earns a large amount of foreign exchange from its export. It accounts for approximately one half of the all materials that are made into cloth and provides employment to 2/3rd of industrial labour force Cotton is a Kharif crop and is grown in canal irrigated areas of Punjab and Sindh and also in some parts of Baluchistan and KPK.

Organizations Essay

An organization preserve be defined as a group of persons or individuals that unite to perform a common land task. Each individual within an organization usually has a relatively well-defined job description, so that the group is organized in a way that will ensure that all tasks essential for the accomplishment of the goal will be covered. Organizational behavior involves applying the behavioral theory of how persons act within groups to the reading of working within organizations. It is the practical application of research done in such disciplines as psychology.The set about taken in organizational behavior is known as systems through which relationships atomic number 18 probed and defined check to the level of organization and the types of individuals that make them up. The human side of organization is directly related to organizational behavior, as it acknowledges the factors such as personality and behavior that may cause different types of managerial strategies to be employed. The personality of the manager may cause him or her to display a certain type of leadership style, dapple the personalities of employees may make it necessary for the manager to display a different style.Because an organization is made up of humans, it is practically impossible to separate it from the behaviors that are common to humans. Work is an important part of human life. Because pot spend so much energy preparing and educating themselves for the jobs they perform, work tends to define the individual. Also, a large portion of some(prenominal) persons day is spent doing the work from which they derive monetary and other resources. Therefore, work is to a greater extent than just a means of earning money.It is also a method of channeling ones creativity and foundation be the area in which one offers a unique gift to mankind. I, for example, take inventory for a copier company and I enjoy it because it allows the staff of the company to remain organized. My job is a lso necessary as it allows the managers and owners to have tangible evidence of the companys health by gauging the speed at which the stock leaves the shelves and goes into the hands of consumers. Finally, it is a fulfilling job because I am able to make sure that customers are satisfied when all the goods they need are there on the shelves.Referencehttp//www.nwlink.com/donclark/leader/leadob.html

Human Papilloma Virus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Papilloma Virus - Essay poserThe warts seldom apparent motion genus Cancer or other medical complications, though the computer viruses that are transferred sexually and cause warts to be located on the genital reason are capable of causing cervix cancer in females (Stern, 1994). Though the actual cause of any form of human papilloma virus in an individual is still unknown, it can be contracted by making contact with a mortal that does have the virus. Genital HPV infections are developed through sexual intercourse and oral sex in the case of oral sex, the warts can appear around or in the mouth or throat. In regard to other forms of the human papilloma virus, skin-to-skin contact, regardless of the body part, can cause a soul to pass the virus on to another. The human papilloma virus cannot always be cured. Even if the soul no longer has warts, as they are able to disappear, the person can still be harboring the virus and can still pass it on to another (Dizon, 2010). Vacc ines and medications are available to get rid of the warts caused by the virus. Other methods of treating the warts include freezing with liquid nitrogen, which can be done in an over-the-counter fashion, and working(a) or laser surgery. It is difficult to prevent human papilloma virus, especially the types that produce common warts. sexually transmitted viruses can be prevented by practicing safe sex and reducing the number of partners. References Dizon, D. S. (2010). Human papilloma virus. New York Jones & Bartlett Learning. Stern, P. L.